Russia to start humanitarian supplies of electricity to breakaway Georgian region

Electricity shortages are common in Abkhazia during the winter months

Suspect in killing of top Russian general sent to pre-trial detention for two months

Suspect in killing of top Russian general sent to pre-trial detention for two months

Russia says Syrians must decide future of their country

A foreign ministry statement said Moscow was closely watching the situation after fall of Assad

Kyrgyzstan's president dismisses prime minister

Akylbek Japarov had been prime minister since 2021

Russia pulling back but not out of Syria

Russia pulling back but not out of Syria

Ukrainian drones hit oil facility in Russia's Oryol region

Ukrainian drones hit oil facility in Russia's Oryol region

Russian watchdog blocks Viber messaging app

Russian watchdog blocks Viber messaging app

Rosneft, Reliance agree biggest ever India-Russia oil supply deal, sources say

The 10-year agreement amounts to 0.5% of global supply and is worth roughly $13 billion a year

Russia tells its citizens: avoid travel to the West

Russia says US hunting down Russians

Satellite imagery shows Russian navy ships anchored off Syrian coast

Satellite imagery shows Russian navy ships anchored off Syrian coast

Russia's Putin approves military focused 2025-2027 budget

The state budget for next year includes a 25% hike in military spending

North Korea's Kim vows steadfast support for Russia's war in Ukraine

Kim slammed a U.S. decision earlier in November to let Ukraine strike targets inside Russia

Russian dissident Gorinov gets three more years in prison for 'justifying terrorism'

Russian dissident Gorinov gets three more years in prison for 'justifying terrorism'

Drone drops paint over Russian embassy in Sweden

No arrests have been made and no suspects identified

Putin says Ukrainian infrastructure attack was revenge for Kyiv's strikes on Russia

Putin says Ukrainian infrastructure attack was revenge for Kyiv's strikes on Russia

Russia's plane shortage holds air travel back as wartime wages drive demand

International travel has pivoted to countries that have not imposed sanctions on Moscow

Ayaz Sadiq lauds Russia's principled stance against Islamophobia

The Speaker expressed content over expanding friendly relations between the Muslim world and Russia

Iraq, Saudi, Russia stress need for stable oil market

Iraq, Saudi, Russia stress need for stable oil market

Russia says US using Taiwan to stir crisis in Asia

"We see that Washington is strengthening military-political contacts and supplying arms to Taiwan"

Putin says Russia will keep testing new missile in combat

Putin says Russia will keep testing new missile in combat

Putin gifts zoo animals, including lion and bears, to North Korean zoo

Pyongyang and Moscow have forged closer ties since Putin visited the country in June

Putin issues warning to United States with new nuclear doctrine

The updated doctrine would make Russia contemplate using such weapons

Russia cuts gas supplies to Austria

Russia cuts gas supplies to Austria

In Georgian breakaway Abkhazia, protesters refuse to leave parliament

Protesters occupied the parliament in protest at an investment agreement with Moscow

G7 confirms pledge to impose severe costs on Russia for Ukraine war

G7 confirms pledge to impose severe costs on Russia for Ukraine war

Putin will look into YouTube disruptions, Kremlin says

Putin will look into YouTube disruptions, Kremlin says

Russia and China must counter any US attempt at containment, Shoigu says

Strong relations between Moscow and Beijing were a stabilising influence on the world, he told Wang

Russia's Putin orders more efforts in suppressing extremism

"Today, Russian citizens expect more dedication and new results from you in all key areas of work"

World leaders condemn Quetta blast, offer condolences

President Putin reaffirms commitment to supporting Pakistan in its battle against extremism

Russia's Yandex plans to invest in Indonesia's AI

Russia's Yandex plans to invest in Indonesia's AI

Putin, after Trump win, says a struggle for a new world order is underway

Putin, after Trump win, says a struggle for a new world order is underway

Russia floats idea of 'reset' with United States after Trump declares victory

Their relations have been the worst since the 1962 Cuban missile crisis after Russia invaded Ukraine

Russia launches Soyuz rocket with dozens of satellites, including two from Iran

Russia launches Soyuz rocket with dozens of satellites, including two from Iran

Putin hosts North Korean foreign minister on Russia's 'unity day'

Putin hosts North Korean foreign minister on Russia's 'unity day'

Russia fines Google more than entire world's GDP

2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 rubles fined to Russia

EU's Borrell visits Seoul amid alarm over North Korean troops in Russia

EU's Borrell visits Seoul amid alarm over North Korean troops in Russia

Russia targets Kyiv with mass drone attack, Ukraine says

Russia targets Kyiv with mass drone attack, Ukraine says

Pakistan, Russia agree to enhance cooperation in maritime security

Russian deputy defense minister meets Naval Chief Admiral Naveed Ashraf in Islamabad

COAS reiterates Pakistan's commitment to strengthen defence ties with Russia

Russian deputy minister of defence calls on army chief at GHQ

Pak-Russia Joint Military Consultative Committee meeting held in Islamabad

Both sides showed satisfaction on various areas of common interest in strategic and defence matters

Pakistan, Russia resolve to strengthen military cooperation

Russian Deputy Defence Minister Colonel General Aleksandr V. Fomin with Air Chief Marshal Zaheer

No new limits on Ukraine's use of US arms if North Korea joins fight

No new limits on Ukraine's use of US arms if North Korea joins fight

UK sanctions Russian 'disinformation agencies'

The sanctions include asset freezes and travel bans

Uzbekistan's Liberal Democrats lead in parliamentary election

Uzbekistan voted in the parliamentary election on Sunday

Speaker of Russian Federation Council reaches Islamabad

The highlight of the visit will be Ms. Valentina Matviyenko’s address to the Senate.

Uzbekistan set to elect parliament loyal to president

President Mirziyoyev has run Central Asia's most populous nation since 2016

Speaker of Russian Federal Assembly to arrive in Islamabad today

This visit, featuring significant discussions and strategic engagements

Georgia faces an uncertain future as all sides claim election victory

Georgia faces an uncertain future as all sides claim election victory

Brazil's Lula cancels trip to COP16, COP29 after head injury

Lula had already been forced to cancel a trip to Russia for BRICS summit

Georgia votes in election seen as stark choice between Russia and West

Georgia votes in election seen as stark choice between Russia and West

Pakistan-Russia Joint Exercise Druzhba-VII concludes

pecial Forces of Pakistan Army and 54 all ranks from Russian Army participated in the drill

Zelenskiy says Russia to deploy North Korean troops in combat zones Oct 27-28

Zelenskiy says Russia to deploy North Korean troops in combat zones Oct 27-28

US, Russian ISS astronauts in medical facility after SpaceX Crew Dragon splashdown

US, Russian ISS astronauts in medical facility after SpaceX Crew Dragon splashdown

Putin to look at Black Sea shipping proposals from Turkey's Erdogan

Putin met Erdogan at the BRICS summit in the Russian city of Kazan as well as UN Secretary-General

Russia's proposed grain exchange for BRICS countries may take years to launch

Russia's proposed grain exchange for BRICS countries may take years to launch

Xi, Modi and Putin discuss Ukraine war amid BRICS expansion talks

Xi, Modi and Putin discuss Ukraine war amid BRICS expansion talks

Russia says 'unprecedented' cyber attack hits foreign ministry amid BRICS summit

Russia says 'unprecedented' cyber attack hits foreign ministry amid BRICS summit

Xi tells Putin the world is in chaos but friendship with Russia will endure

Xi and Putin in May pledged a "new era" of partnership between the two most powerful rivals of US

Ukraine's Zelenskiy says North Korean officers deployed alongside Russians

Ukraine's Zelenskiy says North Korean officers deployed alongside Russians

Moldova says its citizens were trained in Russia to stage riots

Moldova says its citizens were trained in Russia to stage riots

Pakistan, Russia agree to enhance cooperation in different sectors

PM Shehbaz reaffirms Pakistan's commitment to strengthening ties with Russia

Russia using generative AI to ramp up disinformation

Russia using generative AI to ramp up disinformation

After 67 days adrift, Russian man was rescued but his brother and nephew are dead

After 67 days adrift, a Russian man was rescued but his brother and nephew are dead

Russia jails French researcher Laurent Vinatier for three years in 'foreign agent' case

Russia jails French researcher Laurent Vinatier for three years in 'foreign agent' case

Kremlin says Kamala Harris remarks on Putin expose US view of the world

Her remarks exposed how politicians in Washington sought to impose their views on world, Peskov said

President Zardari, Putin vow to strengthen bilateral ties

The two sides exchanged best wishes and pleasant words for each other

Russia says 'Nuclear Five' states to meet soon in New York

Russia says 'Nuclear Five' states to meet soon in New York

Iran-Russia alliance rattles the West

Iran-Russia alliance rattles the West

Trump-Putin ties are back in the spotlight after new book describes calls

Ties between Trump and allies and Russia have proved overheated or fizzled over time

Hacker attack disrupts Russian state media on Putin's birthday

Hacker attack disrupts Russian state media on Putin's birthday

Russian envoy, Khawaja Asif discuss cooperation in diverse fields

The Defence Minister reiterated that Pakistan is committed to regional peace and security.

Russian state media company hit by unprecedented cyberattack, Kremlin says

VGTRK, which owns and operates Russia's main national TV channels

'God save the Tsar!': Putin receives first wishes for 72nd birthday

The greeting came from ultra-nationalist ideologue Alexander Dugin on his Telegram messaging channel

Austrian far-right head urges rivals to let him govern after election win

Austrian far-right head urges rivals to let him govern after election win

Russian general lauds professionalism of Pakistan armed forces

Col General Sergey Yurvavich Istrakov meets CJCSC Gen Sahir Shamshad Mirza

US says it has disrupted Russian efforts to commit computer fraud

US says it has disrupted Russian efforts to commit computer fraud

Moldova alleges pro-Russian vote-buying scheme ahead of key vote

Moldova alleges pro-Russian vote-buying scheme ahead of key vote

Russia, Iran, China expected to use AI to try to influence US election

Russia, Iran, China expected to use AI to try to influence US election

Russia rules out nuclear talks with US given its stance on NATO expansion

Russia rules out nuclear talks with US given its stance on NATO expansion

How significant is Russia's capture of Ukrainian town of Vuhledar?

How significant is Russia's capture of Ukrainian town of Vuhledar?

UK sanctions members of Russian cyber-crime gang Evil Corp

UK sanctions members of Russian cyber-crime gang Evil Corp

Russia calls on Israel to withdraw troops from Lebanon

Russia calls on Israel to withdraw troops from Lebanon

US military slams 'unsafe' Russia fighter jet maneuver near Alaska

"The conduct of one Russian Su-35 was unsafe, unprofessional, and endangered all," US Air Force said

Russia condemns Israel's killing of Hezbollah leader Nasrallah

Russia condemns Israel's killing of Hezbollah leader Nasrallah

EU concerned by report of Russia producing attack drones in China

EU concerned by report of Russia producing attack drones in China

Biden announces $8 billion in military aid for Ukraine

Biden announces $8 billion in military aid for Ukraine

US imposes fresh Russia- and cyber-related sanctions -Treasury Dept website

US imposes fresh Russia- and cyber-related sanctions -Treasury Dept website

TikTok removes Russian state media accounts for 'covert influence operations' ahead of US election

TikTok’s announcement came a week after Meta Platforms, banned accounts from its apps

Russian Soyuz brings crew of three back who lived on space station for 6 months

Astronauts broke the record for the longest continuous stay at international space station

Banned Russian priest stands by condemnation of 'brother killing brother' in Ukraine

Banned Russian priest stands by condemnation of 'brother killing brother' in Ukraine

Russia's Nornickel opens EV battery centre

Russia's Nornickel opens EV battery centre

Russian patrol aircraft violated its airspace: Japan

Russian patrol aircraft violated its airspace: Japan

Ukraine says Russia is planning strikes on nuclear facilities

Ukraine says Russia is planning strikes on nuclear facilities

Putin jokes too: Russian president was joking about support for Harris in US election

Putin jokes too: Russian president was joking about support for Harris in US election

Russia and China start naval exercises in Sea of Japan

Russia and China start naval exercises in Sea of Japan

Russian deputy PM departs after concluding two-day Pakistan visit

Additional Foreign Secretary saw off the Russian deputy PM at Islamabad airport

COAS reiterates Pakistan's commitment to foster defence ties with Russia

Russian deputy PM Alexei Overchuk calls on Pakistan Army chief at GHQ

Dar terms Russia a key player in regional cooperation

Says energy cooperation with Russia holds potential

Russia to support Pakistan's inclusion in BRICS

Russia to support Pakistan's inclusion in BRICS

Russian deputy PM in Islamabad on a two-day visit

He was warmly welcomed by Ambassador of Pakistan to Russia Muhammad Khalid Jamali

Putin orders Russian army to become second largest after China's at 1.5 million-strong

In a decree published on the Kremlin's website, Putin ordered to increase the size to 2.38 million

Ukraine defences down 10 drones, 1 Russia-launched missile, Ukraine air force says

Russia used about 30 missiles of various types, more than 800 guided aerial bombs, almost 300 drones

U.S. to discuss war strategy with Zelenskiy, prepare support package this month

Russian forces have been gaining ground in parts of eastern Ukraine

Putin draws line on Ukraine use of Western missiles

Putin draws line on Ukraine use of Western missiles

Russia expels six British diplomats it accuses of spying and sabotage activity

The six diplomats were named on Russian state TV, which also showed photographs of them

China, Russia chide West at annual security forum in Beijing

Defence minister, Dong Jun, said China would enhance military ties with its neighbours

Putin says West will be fighting directly with Russia if it lets Kyiv use long-range missiles

Putin says West will be fighting directly with Russia if it lets Kyiv use long-range missiles

Spacecraft carrying Russians and American takes off from Baikonur cosmodrome

Spacecraft carrying Russians and American takes off from Baikonur cosmodrome

Freight train derails in southwest Russia due to 'interference', officials say

"Last night, a locomotive and wagons of a freight train derailed," the South-Eastern Railway said

Russia to spend over half a billion dollars to bolster internet censorship system

Russia to spend over half a billion dollars to bolster internet censorship system

US calls on Big Tech to help evade online censors in Russia, Iran

Meeting convened to call on tech giants to grant more server bandwidth to support VPNs

Senate panel to question US semiconductor firms on Russian weapons

Senate panel to question US semiconductor firms on Russian weapons

Russia says it will target US media in response to move against RT

The US Justice Department on Wednesday filed money-laundering charges against two RT employees

Germany won't let up in military aid to Ukraine

Germany won't let up in military aid to Ukraine

Russia orders French researcher kept in jail as trial starts

Russia orders French researcher kept in jail as trial starts

US researchers claim finding probable launch site of Russia's new nuclear-powered missile

Putin has said the weapon has an almost unlimited range and can evade US missile defenses

Russian 'spy whale' Hvaldimir found dead near Norway

The body of Hvaldimir was spotted floating in the sea by a father and son fishing over the weekend

BRICS New Development Bank authorizes Algeria to join

BRICS New Development Bank authorizes Algeria to join

Russian helicopter with 22 on board goes missing in far east

Russian helicopter with 22 on board goes missing in far east

Russia uses Telegram boss Pavel Durov's case to rally doubters against West

Russia uses Telegram boss Pavel Durov's case to rally doubters against West

Russia opens fraud case against former deputy defence minister as corruption probe deepens

Russia opens fraud case against former deputy defence minister as corruption probe deepens

A Russian missile strikes a Ukrainian city already in mourning for deaths in an earlier attack

The latest attack on the city struck civilian infrastructure, wounding four people

Russia criticises UN nuclear watchdog after trip to plant close to fighting

IAEA chief Grossi toured Kursk plant on Tuesday and warned of the danger of a serious accident

India's Modi urges early resolution of Ukraine conflict in call with Russia's Putin

India's Modi urges early resolution of Ukraine conflict in call with Russia's Putin

Pavel Durov, founder of Telegram, arrested in Paris

Pavel Durov, founder of Telegram, arrested in Paris

Russia skips UN meeting pledging respect for humanitarian law

Russia skips UN meeting pledging respect for humanitarian law

Russian ambassador says US plans to give Ukraine carte blanche on weapons

The United States has provided Ukraine with more than $50 billion worth of military aid since 2022

Russia to retaliate on Latvia's residence permit move, official tells RIA

Moscow would "continue to take tough measures, including those of asymmetric nature", Zakharova said

Russia's FSB detains scientist on suspicion of treason

Russia's FSB detains scientist on suspicion of treason

Russia complains to Germany over Nord Stream sabotage probe

Russia complains to Germany over Nord Stream sabotage probe

Earthquake hits Eastern Russia with 7.2 magnitude, tsunami warning issued

The epicenter of the quake was 55 kilometers from the coastal city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Russia's Kadyrov equips Tesla truck with machinegun for war

Russia's Kadyrov equips Tesla truck with machinegun for war

Russia says Ukraine used Western rockets to destroy bridge in Kursk region

"Kursk region was hit by Western-made rocket launchers, probably American HIMARS," Maria Zakharorova

Russia's critics targeted with global hacking campaign

Russia's critics targeted with global hacking campaign

Ukraine pounds Russia with drones and says it is advancing deeper

Russia said that it had destroyed 117 Ukrainian drones in Russia overnight.

Russia demands immediate halt to attacks in Gaza

Israeli attacks were undermining international efforts for a ceasefire in Gaza: Russia

Ukraine to unleash robot dogs on its front lines defence

Robo-Dogs can use thermal imaging to inspect enemy trenches or the inside of buildings in combat zon

Russia blocks Signal messaging app as authorities tighten control over information

Signal making it difficult for the Russian government to intercept communications.

Navalny's wife says he should have been part of historic prisoner swap

Alexei Navalny was a charismatic anti-corruption campaigner

Exclusive: First Russia-China barter trade may come this autumn

Moscow, Beijing are working on resolving payment issues by barter trading

Nigeria arrests seven Polish nationals for supporting Russia

Nigeria arrests seven Polish nationals for supporting Russia

Russians pay homage to Wagner fighters killed in Mali

Mali is battling a years-long Islamist insurgency

Armenia looks to reopen border with Turkey as potential gateway to the West

Armenia looks to reopen border with Turkey as potential gateway to the West

Jailed Belarus Nobel winner should have been freed in prisoner swap, say supporters

Jailed Belarus Nobel winner should have been freed in prisoner swap, say supporters

Dissidents freed in prisoner swap vow to keep up fight against Putin, recount details of release

Moscow in return got eight Russians jailed in the West for spying

Russia accuses YouTube of censoring content at Washington's behest

Russia accuses YouTube of censoring content at Washington's behest

'This is momma': Tears in Oval Office as families speak to prisoners freed in swap

US President Joe Biden hailed the deal as "a feat of diplomacy and friendship" and praised allies

Japanese travel warning shows Tokyo does not want to develop ties with Moscow, says Kremlin

Japanese travel warning shows Tokyo does not want to develop ties with Moscow, says Kremlin

China, Russia cooperation for joint scientific station on Moon

Inviting international partners to participate in the lunar station's construction

Russian warships make routine visit to Cuba

Russian warships make routine visit to Cuba

Google to blame for slower YouTube speeds in Russia, says senior lawmaker

Google's Russian subsidiary filed for bankruptcy later that year

Russian ex-defence minister arrested for corruption

Russian ex-defence minister arrested for corruption

Russia, China turn to digital payments as sanctions hamper bilateral trade settlements

Russia, China turn to digital payments as sanctions hamper bilateral trade settlements

Russia says US election upheaval shows schism in American society

Russia says US election upheaval shows schism in American society

Growing cooperation between Russia and China in Arctic, Pentagon says

China and Russia have been working together to develop Arctic shipping routes

On Biden, the Kremlin says the Ukraine war is more important

"We need to be patient and carefully monitor what happens," Peskov said

Sanctioned Russia emerges unscathed in global IT outage

Sanctioned Russia emerges unscathed in global IT outage

SolarWinds beats most of US SEC lawsuit over Russia-linked cyberattack

SolarWinds beats most of US SEC lawsuit over Russia-linked cyberattack

China, Russia kick off live-fire naval exercises in South China Sea

The opening ceremony of the Russian-Chinese naval exercise took place in Chinese port of Zhanjiang

Moscow investigates Ukrainian video showing shooting of wounded Russian soldier

Moscow investigates Ukrainian video showing shooting of wounded Russian soldier

Digital platform Qifa bets on increase in Russia-China trade and payments

Digital platform Qifa bets on increase in Russia-China trade and payments

Who is Arkady Volozh, former Yandex CEO, and what is his new AI venture?

Who is Arkady Volozh, former Yandex CEO, and what is his new AI venture?

Yandex split finalised as Russian assets sold in $5.4 bln deal

Yandex split finalised as Russian assets sold in $5.4 bln deal

Russia can counter US missile deployments in Europe

Russia can counter US missile deployments in Europe

China tells NATO not to create chaos in Asia and rejects label of 'enabler' of Russia's Ukraine war

NATO labeled China a “decisive enabler” of Russia’s war against Ukraine

Russian missile attack on Ukraine's largest hospital complicates treatment of kids with cancer

Other hospitals in the city that took in children for treatment faced a similar overcrowding

CJCSC holds meetings with Russian defence leadership during official visit

Both sides expressed interest in strengthening bilateral military-to-military relationship.

Yandex split nears completion as Russian traders finalise share exchange

Yandex split nears completion as Russian traders finalise share exchange

Modi tells Putin that 'heart bleeds' when children are killed in war

Indian prime minister says death of innocent children painful and terrifying

Putin, Modi hold informal talks at Kremlin leader's residence

"Our official talks are tomorrow, while today, we can discuss them unofficially," Putin said

Russian regulator encourages use of crypto to counter sanctions

Russian regulator encourages use of crypto to counter sanctions

Russia plans to create core of new space station by 2030

will enable Russia to "solve problems of scientific, tech development, national economy, security

North Korea switches TV transmission to Russian from Chinese satellite

North Korea switches TV transmission to Russian from Chinese satellite

Russian satellite breaks up in space, forces ISS astronauts to shelter

There was no immediate threat to other satellites

Russia orders Austrian ORF journalist to leave

Russia orders Austrian ORF journalist to leave

US, Russia defense chiefs speak as tensions rise over Crimea attack

The two sides gave widely divergent accounts of the conversation between Austin and Belousov

Russia to start secret trial of US journalist Gershkovich on espionage charge

He was arrested in March 2023 while on a reporting trip to the Urals city of Yekaterinburg

Zelenskiy welcomes ICC warrants for Russian military figures

Zelenskiy welcomes ICC warrants for Russian military figures

Dagestan shootings spotlight rising Islamist threat for Putin

"Radical Islamism is again raising its head in Russia," said a former Kremlin adviser

Russia's Dagestan mourns priest, police killed in attack by gunmen

Governor Melikov said among the dead, in addition to the police officers, were several civilians

Russia tells US: we need to talk, but Ukraine must be on agenda

problems are piling up, this dialogue is very much required, says Kremlin spokesman

NATO chief says Russia, North Korea pact shows mutual support by authoritarian powers

"North Korea had provided an enormous amount of ammunition to Russia in its war against Ukraine"

Putin gets lavish welcome in North Korea with vows of support

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un expresses "full support" for Russia's war in Ukraine

Nato worried Russia may support North Korea's missile, nuclear programmes

Putin, on a state visit to North Korea, vowed to deepen trade and security ties

Putin and Kim embrace in North Korea, vow new multipolar world

Putin, who arrived before dawn, is on his first trip to the North Korean capital in 24 years

Russian forces kill ISIS-linked hostage takers at detention centre

"The criminals were eliminated," Russia's Federal Penitentiary Service said in a statement

Men claiming to be ISIS supporters take hostages in Russian detention centre, Baza reports

Russia's Penitentiary Service said that two employees of a detention centre took two others hostage

Some Russians athletes make the cut for Paris Olympics, others fail vetting process

About 36 athletes Russia and Belarus are expected to compete as neutrals in the event

South Korea, US sound alarm over North Korea-Russia ties ahead of Putin visit

Kremlin spokesman said Russia's right to develop closer ties with North Korea should not be in doubt

Zimbabwe's Mnangagwa hails Russia's Putin as 'my dear friend' and ally

Mnangagwa praised Putin for defending the territorial integrity of Russia

Russia arrests Frenchman suspected of collecting military intelligence

Russia arrests Frenchman suspected of collecting military intelligence

Ukraine says extending use of Western arms will weaken Russia near border

Ukraine says extending use of Western arms will weaken Russia near border

Georgia's divisive 'foreign agents' bill signed into law

Georgia’s divisive ‘foreign agents’ bill signed into law

Pro-Kremlin activist couple quit Germany, move to Russia

The couple's home in north-west Germany was raided last August

Modi plans post-election reforms to rival Chinese manufacturing

Making it easier to hire and fire workers included among business-friendly measures