SHANGHAI (Reuters) – China's major state-owned banks were seen exchanging yuan for US dollars in the onshore swap market and selling those dollars in spot currency markets this week, two sources told Reuters on Tuesday.
The yuan has gained 2 per cent in the past week, to stand at levels of around 7.13 to the dollar – its highest in nearly 4 months – and the big state banks have continued to sell dollars for yuan this week, the sources said.
Both sources spoke on condition of anonymity as they were not authorised to speak to media about the matter.
State banks are often suspected of stepping into the currency market on behalf of the authorities, but the timing is unusual as they would usually sell dollars when the yuan was under pressure to depreciate.
Their action over the past week came amid broad dollar weakness. The dollar index, which measures the currency's value against major trading partners, has retreated more than 3pc in November, as US yields succumb to signs of a peak in Federal Reserve monetary tightening.
Some market participants said state banks might be trying to speed the yuan's gains and spur exporters to convert more of their FX receipts into yuan. The Chinese currency is still down more than 3pc against the dollar this year.
The selling of dollars by state banks caused the onshore spot yuan to briefly touch 7.1296 per dollar, firmer than its daily official guidance for the first time in four months.
The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has also been lowering the dollar-yuan daily fixing rate this week. On Tuesday, it set the midpoint at a 3-1/2-month low of 7.1406 per dollar.
"It is surprising to see they keep lowering the fixing at this rate. To me, it looks like they are doing preparatory work ahead of a policy rate cut," said Kiyong Seong, lead Asia macro strategist at Societe Generale.
"When the external environment is favourable, they appear to strengthen the CNY as much as possible."
Recent data shows the recovery in the world's second-largest economy remains uneven and bumpy with industrial output and retail sales surprising on the upside in October, while manufacturing activity and consumer prices continued to fall.
While the economy still needs more policy stimulus, analysts say further monetary easing could add downside pressure on the Chinese currency, given the wide differential between interest rates in China and other economies, particularly the United States.
The PBOC has been injecting cash through its medium-term lending facility (MLF) loans into the banking system, but has of late kept the rate on those loans unchanged.
"Some volatilities around this level could be likely at this time, unless there are more further significant downside dollar moves or additional major sentiment positive events," said Zhi Xiaojia, chief China economist at Credit Agricole.
"Indeed, the yield gap remains quite wide, and we are still expecting more policy easing, including PBOC rate and reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cut."
Zhi said she was "relatively constructive" on the yuan into the end of the year and in 2024.