Japanese craft lands on the moon, scientists await contact
Technology
Japanese craft lands on the moon, scientists await contact
TOKYO (Reuters) – Japan's space agency on Saturday said it was examining the communication with its probe after it landed on the moon, during an attempt to become the world's fifth country to achieve a moonshot and revitalise a space programme that suffered recent setbacks.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) said the Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) landed the moon's surface at around 12:20 am (1520 GMT Friday) but it was still confirming the communication with the probe.
Dubbed the "moon sniper", SLIM attempted to land within 100 metres (328 feet) of its target, versus the conventional accuracy of several kilometres.
JAXA says this landing technology will become a powerful tool in future exploration of hilly moon poles seen as a potential source of oxygen, fuel and water - factors necessary to sustain life. It will take up to a month to verify whether SLIM had achieved the high-precision goals, JAXA has said.
The Soviet Union, the United States, China and India are the only four countries that have successfully carried out soft landings on the moon.
Japan is increasingly looking to play a bigger role in space, partnering with ally the United States to counter China. Japan is also home to several private-sector space startups and the JAXA aims to send an astronaut to the moon as part of NASA's Artemis programme in the next few years.
But the Japanese space agency has recently faced multiple setbacks in rocket development, including the launch failure in March of its new flagship rocket H3 that was meant to match cost-competitiveness against commercial rocket providers like SpaceX.
The failure caused widespread delays in Japan's space missions, including SLIM and a joint lunar exploration with India, which in August made a historic touchdown on the moon's south pole with its Chandrayaan-3 probe.
JAXA has twice landed on small asteroids, but unlike with an asteroid landing, the moon's gravity means the lander cannot pull up for another try, its scientists said. Three lunar missions by Japanese startup ispace, Russia's space agency and American company Astrobotic have failed in the past year.
SLIM's successful touchdown and demonstration of the precision landing "will help Japan to keep its technology advanced at a very high level in the world," Ritsumeikan University professor Kazuto Saiki has said before the touchdown attempt. Saiki developed SLIM's near-infrared camera that will analyse moon rocks after the touchdown.
The 2.4m by 1.7m by 2.7m vehicle includes two main engines with 12 thrusters, surrounded by solar cells, antennas, radar and cameras. Keeping it lightweight was another objective of the project, as Japan aims to carry out more frequent missions in the future by reducing launch costs. SLIM weighs 700 kg (1,540 lb) at launch, less than half of India's Chandrayaan-3.
As the probe descends onto the surface, it recognises where it is flying by matching its camera's images with existing satellite photos of the moon. This "vision-based navigation" enables a precise touchdown, JAXA says.
Shock absorbers make contact with the lunar surface in what JAXA calls new "two-step landing" method - the rear parts touch the ground first, then the entire body gently collapses forward and stabilises.
The precision landing "won't be a game changer", but the cost-reduction effects of it and the lightweight probe manufacturing might open up moonshots to space organisations worldwide, said Bleddyn Bowen, a University of Leicester associate professor specialising in space policy.
"Not as big as the United States or the Soviet Union of old or China today in terms of scale, but in terms of capability and niche advanced technologies, Japan has always been there."
On landing, SLIM was due to deploy two mini-probes - a hopping vehicle as big as a microwave oven and a baseball-sized wheeled rover - that will take pictures of the spacecraft. Tech giant Sony Group, opens new tab, toymaker Tomy, opens new tab and several Japanese universities jointly developed the robots.
SLIM was launched on Japan’s flagship H-IIA rocket in September and has taken a fuel-efficient four-month journey to the moon.
