First genetically modified monkeys are born in US

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First genetically modified monkeys are born in US

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US researchers have created the world's first genetically modified monkeys.

06 January,2012 02:13 am

US researchers said Thursday they have created the worlds first genetically modified monkeys by merging cells from up to six different embryos, in what could be a big advance for medical research.Until now, rodents have been the primary creatures used to make chimeras, a lab animal produced by combining two or more fertilized eggs or early embryos together.Scientists have long been able to create knock-out mice with certain genes deleted in order to study a host of ailments and remedies, including obesity, heart disease, anxiety, diabetes and Parkinsons disease.Attempts to do the same with more complicated primates have failed in the past, but scientists in the western state of Oregon succeeded by altering the method used to make mice.The breakthrough came when they mixed cells together from very early stage rhesus monkey embryos, in a state known as totipotent, when they are able to give rise to a whole animal as well as the placenta and other life-sustaining tissues.Knock-out mice are typically made by introducing embryonic stem cells that have been cultured in a lab dish into a mouse embryo, but that method failed in monkeys.Primate embryos do not allow cultured embryonic stem cells to become integrated, as mice do.Combining primate cells apparently requires more potent, early stage cells from a living embryo, said lead researcher Shoukhrat Mitalipov of the Oregon National Primate Research Center at Oregon Health and Science University.The experiment produced three healthy male rhesus monkeys they named Roku, Hex and Chimero, with gene traits from all of the separate embryos used to meld them.The cells never fuse, but they stay together and work together to form tissues and organs, said Mitalipov. The possibilities for science are enormous.The research is published online ahead of the release of the January 20 issue of the journal Cell.Scientists use rhesus monkeys to study HIV/AIDS drugs, research vaccines for rabies, smallpox and polio, and to study potential uses for embryonic stem cells. They have also been launched into space on test missions by the US and Russia.We cannot model everything in the mouse, Mitalipov said. If we want to move stem cell therapies from the lab to clinics and from the mouse to humans, we need to understand what these primate cells can and cant do.